Cell Architecture Explained: Introduction

I_Eat_All disse:
para kê?

epa eu já só acredito nisto kuando vir... sony é sony... eles dizem k os discmans deles dão 150 horas de playback, k os ecrãs de 30 ms de reação são de 16ms e k a playstation 2 faz 77 milhões de poligonos...

isto é a história do pedro e do lobo, tantas vezes o puto mentiu k já n acreditam nele

Não leves tudo à letra. Estava a ser irónico.
 
Xpirit disse:
Será que a IBM entregaria essa tarefa à Apple mas ajudando-a? Faz sentido. A Apple faz tudo. Hardware e Software. Enfim, a plataforma toda.

Mas metendo a Apple ao barulho entra um pouco em conflito com a Toshiba e Sony. A primeira pq produz hadware a segunda porque tenta com a linha Vaio ter cenas muito apelativas. Se eles passarem a vender componentes para apple ainda vejo alguma vantagem. A Sony não nos esqueçamos tem a sony music. No máximo vai concorrer com a apple.
Não sei veremos no que dá. A ver se dia 6 já temos alguma luzinha mais.
de qq forma aparecer alguem da Sony ao lado do Steve Jobs deve querer dizer que há ali alguma coisa em comum. Ainda não percebi é qual:)
 
Tafinho disse:
O problema dos Alphas não teve nada a haver com o software, mas sim com a venda da Alpha à Intel.

Isso foi muito tarde. Tenho aqui à minha frente uma board com um alpha a 500Mhz. Sei perfeitamente os problemas que tive com esta máquina.
 
Uns artigos para começar o dia.

07chip3ai.jpg

A imagem do Cell no artigo no NY Times :D

"There is a new game in town, and it will revive an industry that has been kind of sleepy for the last few years," said Richard Doherty, a computer industry analyst and president of Envisioneering, a market research company in Seaford, N.Y

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The Cell chip, computer experts said, could have a theoretical peak performance of 256 billion mathematical operations per second.

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"This is extremely impressive," said Kevin Krewell, editor in chief of Microprocessor Report, an industry technical publication, "and it proves that architectural innovation isn't dead."

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The Cell has a modular design based on a slightly less powerful I.B.M. processor that is currently in G5 64-bit desktop computers from Apple Computer. Additionally, the Cell architecture is distinguished by the fact that it controls an array of eight additional processors that the design team refers to as synergistic processing elements, or S.P.E.'s. Each of the S.P.E.'s is a 128-bit processor in its own right.

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The Cell has some components that in the lab switch at 5.6 GHz, and several people familiar with the design said that it was both more flexible than is generally understood and that it has been designed with high bandwidth communications, such as high-speed data links to homes, in mind.

He said that I.B.M. had refined a technology also being developed by Intel called "virtualization," which is designed to isolate applications from one another. Originally used in mainframe computing applications, the technology is now being exploited by consumer electronics designers to run demanding applications like video decompression and decryption simultaneously.

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In its next version of the Xbox, Microsoft plans to shift from using Pentium chips from Intel to a ***** microprocessor from I.B.M. The chip will have two ***** processor cores, but it will not be as radically new as the I.B.M.

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"Our goal with the Cell is to be an order of magnitude faster," said Lisa Su, an I.B.M. executive in charge of technology development and licenses.

"I think it will aid in some of the convergence between consumer and corporate I.T. and this will accelerate amazingly from the consumer side," said Andrew Heller, a former I.B.M. processor designer who is now chairman of Heller & Associates, a consulting firm in Austin, Tex.

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/07/t...78e28e3f45125c3d&ei=5040&partner=MOREOVERNEWS

Cell "promises to be a very exciting challenge to mainstream processors," Krewell wrote in a recent issue, naming it the best chip technology of 2004, remarkable if only for the fact that no one has actually seen the chip in action.

According to released details, Cell is based on the core of IBM's existing Power processor line, which is used in desktop PCs made by Apple Computer Inc.. Cell contains multiple cores, allowing it to perform like many chips in one.

It is capable of "massive floating point processing, optimized for compute-intensive workloads and broadband rich media applications, including computer entertainment, movies and other forms of digital content," according to an earlier statement from the companies.

Sony and IBM have called Cell a strong technology for high-powered workstations and supercomputers, with multiple Cell chips able to work as a cluster.

"The supercomputer-like processing and performance of the Cell processor-based workstation is just the beginning of what we expect will be a wide range of powerful next-generation solutions resulting from our joint development efforts," Colin Parris, an IBM vice president, said in a November statement.

http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/new...3Z_01_JON730176_RTRIDST_0_OUKIN-TECH-CELL.XML

The chip will be made of several different processing cores that work on tasks together.

The chip has also been refined to be able to handle the detailed graphics common in games and the data demands of films and broadband media.

IBM said it would start producing the chip in early 2005 at manufacturing plants in the US. The first machines off the line using the Cell processor will be computer workstations and servers.

A working version of the PS3 is due to be shown off in May 2005 but a full launch of the next generation console is not expected to start until 2006.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4242447.stm

São artigos de hoje.
Acho que a apresentação do Cell na ISSCC ainda não foi feita, por isso deve aparecer mais pormenores nos proximos dias.

cobertura da ISSCC:
http://www.eet.com/conf/isscc/
 
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Parece incrível, mas a verdade é que a Microsoft foi a primeira, juntamente com a IBM, a desenvolver um Sistema Operativo para a arquitectura ***** (OS/2) e aínda hoje possui uma licença para Power.
Além disso, e tal como o Bill diz num dos seus livros, aquela que seria a versão 3.0 do OS/2 acabou por se transformar no Windows NT 1.0, por isso a maior parte de nós usa tecnologia desenvolvida originalmente para Power e ***** (Windows XP -> NT 6.0)
 
blastarr disse:
Parece incrível, mas a verdade é que a Microsoft foi a primeira, juntamente com a IBM, a desenvolver um Sistema Operativo para a arquitectura ***** (OS/2) e aínda hoje possui uma licença para Power.
Além disso, e tal como o Bill diz num dos seus livros, aquela que seria a versão 3.0 do OS/2 acabou por se transformar no Windows NT 1.0, por isso a maior parte de nós usa tecnologia desenvolvida originalmente para Power e ***** (Windows XP -> NT 6.0)

A minha memória já não é o que era mas suspeito que há umas coisas erradas no que dizes. O OS/2 foi de facto iniciado pela IBM e M$ mas depois as comadres zangaram-se por causa de pormenores e a IBM continuou o OS/2 enquanto a M$ derivou-o para o NT. O pai do kernel NT foi o mesmo que desenvolveu um dos sistemas operativos mais robustos que existiu. O VMS.
 
The Cell chip, computer experts said, could have a theoretical peak performance of 256 billion mathematical operations per second.

Gostava de saber onde foram calcular esse número, será que o fizeram a partir dos números já conhecidos de memória a bombar a 100GB/s? É que um gajo fazer isso pode dar um número que tanto pode estar acima como abaixo da performance real do chip. Além disso os specs da memória podem mudar facilmente para um extra mais.
 
Nemesis11 disse:
São artigos de hoje.
Acho que a apresentação do Cell na ISSCC ainda não foi feita, por isso deve aparecer mais pormenores nos proximos dias.

cobertura da ISSCC:
http://www.eet.com/conf/isscc/


A conferência é em São Francisco e a primeira talk sobre o CELL é às 3h15 PM hora local. Por cá serão 23h15.

7.4 A Streaming Processing Unit for a CELL Processor
3:15 PM
B. Flachs1, S. Asano2, S. Dhong1, P. Hofstee1, G. Gervais1, R. Kim1 , T. Le1 ,
P. Liu1, J. Leenstra3, J. Liberty1, B. Michael, S. Mueller3, O. Takahashi1 ,
Y.Watanabe2 , A. Hatakeyama4,H. Oh1, N.Yano2
1IBM, Austin, TX
2Toshiba, Austin, TX
3IBM, Boeblingen, Germany
4Sony, Austin, TX
The design of a 4-way SIMD streaming data processor emphasizes
achievable performance in area and power. Software controls data
movement and instruction flow, and improves data bandwidth and pipeline
utilization. The micro-architecture minimizes instruction latency and
provides fine-grain clock control to reduce power.
 
ptzs disse:
Gostava de saber onde foram calcular esse número, será que o fizeram a partir dos números já conhecidos de memória a bombar a 100GB/s? É que um gajo fazer isso pode dar um número que tanto pode estar acima como abaixo da performance real do chip. Além disso os specs da memória podem mudar facilmente para um extra mais.


Para atingir 256Gflops a memória tem que bombar idealmente (na prática é mais) a 1024 GB/s para a precisão simples ou 2048GB/s para a precisão dupla. eheh. Falam em 256Gflops mas suspeito que sejam flops de precisão simples. Neste caso, e como o bus total é de 1024 bits, daria uns meros 8GB/s para cada canal de 8bits ou seja 1 Gigabit.
 
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Sim, um homem chamado David Cutler criou o Open VMS (nome original RSX-11) na Digital Equipment Corporation, ou DEC (mais tarde comprada pela Compaq, ela própria comprada pela HP).
Qd a MS soube que ele saíra da DEC, contratou-o para desenvolver o NT em segredo.
A cisão entre a MS e a IBM deu-se qd a Microsoft decidiu não usar o interface de aplicações do OS/2, mas sim um novo chamado win32 api.
 
Dava para ter uma ideia se eles metessem um core de outro cpu ao lado ( um 970 ou um PIV ). Quais serão as dimensões daquela moeda?

Mais duas pics:

Cell no meio de Chocapic:
cell21iw.jpg


Cell na Maternidade :D:
cellbefore8wt.jpg
 
naquela bolacha, a acreditar nos rumores, devem estar mais de 10 Teraflops de peak power.
Dava para fazer um dos 25 maiores supercomputadores.
 
David Wang @ realworldtech.com disse:
Today is the day that the CELL processor family gets announced.

I'll be writing a few things about the various papers at ISSCC on CELL, but before the news conference starts and the papers gets official unveiling, some interesting data have already been presented in the technical digests.

The CELL processor presented has 1 64b PPC core acting as the traditional scalar processor, complete with its own L2. The PPE (***** processing Element) is connected to 8 other SPE's (Synergistic Processing Elements) The SPE's are the magic glue that is suppose to contain enormous amount of compute power and a bunch of them gets you the enormously large flop rating that we've all head much about.

Some stats.

1. 90nm SOI process.

2. Logic depth is functionally equivalent to about 20 FO4 (est), but circuit speed equivalence is 11 FO4 per stage. The short pipestage circuit depth is reached with "circuit efficiencies" and Dynamic logic !?!

3. With per stage delay of 11 FO4, the schmoo plots show that the SPE's can crank from 3.2 GHz @ 0.9V Vdd to 5.2 GHz @ 1.3 V Vdd. The entire chip has similar frequency/voltage range, but to get to 5.2 Ghz @ 1.3V, each SPE will eat 11~12W. Add in the rest and the chip will get really hot. 4 GHz @ 1.1V = 4W per SPE seems to be the nominal range.

4. Die size per SPE is 2.5 x 5.81 mm^2. The entire chip with 8 SPE's seems to be about 17.2 x 12 mm^2. That seems to be an awfully large chip for IBM. The CPU to be used in PS3/Xbox2 will probably be the 65nm version or it'll have to have fewer SPE's.

6. As previously announced, the off chip I/O interface is Rambus Redwood and the memory interface is XDR. Similar clocking/deskewing schemes. Looks to be about ~50 GB/s BW to memory, and 50~100 GB/s to I/O.

I'll write up articles as the papers are presented.

http://www.realworldtech.com/forums...PostNum=3098&Thread=1&entryID=45958&roomID=13

- Die size = 206mm^2

- PE entre [email protected] e 5.2 [email protected]

- 50 GB/s bandwidth mem

- 32 W @ 4ghz (só as 8 PE)

- Provavelmente uma versão cortada na PS3.
 
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|Oc|CRASH_OVer disse:
eh.... ali mencionou Xbox2?.... cell numa xbox?

eu a pensar que ia ser intel...

Deve ser erro dele (ele é um dos webmasters da realworldtech).

Mas não vai ser intel. O cpu vai também ser da Ibm e por isso deve ser um PPC. O mesmo para a futura consola da Nintendo.

Mais on topic:
Como é que ele vai ser barato com um die size de 206mm^2 ?

EDIT:

cellpic14an.jpg


A team of IBM, Sony Group and Toshiba engineers has collaborated on development of the Cell microprocessor at a joint design center established in Austin, Texas, since March 2001. The prototype chip is 221 mm(2), integrates 234 million transistors, and is fabricated with 90 nanometer SOI technology.

Cell's breakthrough multi-core architecture and ultra high-speed communications capabilities deliver vastly improved, real-time response for entertainment and rich media applications, in many cases 10 times the performance of the latest PC processors.

Effectively a "supercomputer on a chip" incorporating advanced multi-processing technologies used in IBM's sophisticated servers, Sony Group's computer entertainment systems and Toshiba's advanced semiconductor technology, Cell will become the broadband processor used for industrial applications to the new digital home.

Another advantage of Cell is to support multiple operating systems, such as conventional operating systems (including Linux), real-time operating systems for computer entertainment and consumer electronics applications as well as guest operating systems for specific applications, simultaneously.

Among the highlights of Cell released today:

-- Cell is a breakthrough architectural design -- featuring eight synergistic processors and top clock speeds of greater than 4 GHz (as measured during initial hardware testing)

-- Cell is a multicore chip capable of massive floating point processing

-- Cell is OS neutral and supports multiple operating systems simultaneously

http://home.businesswire.com/portal...d=news_view&newsId=20050207005340&newsLang=en

Aqui dão como 221 mm^2 e 234 milhoes transistores.
 
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