Processador Apple Custom Processors (Kalamata)

Uma noticia da Bloomberg sobre os futuros processadores da Apple para o mercado desktop. Sendo a Bloomberg, penso que é preciso um pouco menos de sal. :)
Não tem grandes detalhes sem ser "core counts", mas ficam aqui os pontos principais:

Apple Preps Next Mac Chips With Aim to Outclass Top-End PCs

The next two lines of Apple chips are also planned to be more ambitious than some industry watchers expected for next year.

Apple is working on designs with as many as 16 power cores and four efficiency cores, the people said.

While that component is in development, Apple could choose to first release variations with only eight or 12 of the high-performance cores enabled depending on production, they said. Chipmakers are often forced to offer some models with lower specifications than they originally intended because of problems that emerge during fabrication.

For higher-end desktop computers, planned for later in 2021 and a new half-sized Mac Pro planned to launch by 2022, Apple is testing a chip design with as many as 32 high-performance cores.

Apple engineers are also developing more ambitious graphics processors.

For its future high-end laptops and mid-range desktops, Apple is testing 16-core and 32-core graphics parts.

For later in 2021 or potentially 2022, Apple is working on pricier graphics upgrades with 64 and 128 dedicated cores aimed at its highest-end machines, the people said. Those graphics chips would be several times faster than the current graphics modules Apple uses from Nvidia and AMD in its Intel-powered hardware.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti...ac-chips-with-aim-to-outclass-highest-end-pcs
 
For later in 2021 or potentially 2022, Apple is working on pricier graphics upgrades with 64 and 128 dedicated cores aimed at its highest-end machines, the people said. Those graphics chips would be several times faster than the current graphics modules Apple uses from Nvidia and AMD in its Intel-powered hardware.

Portanto 8x a 16x mais GPU cores do que o M1.

Isso vai DIZIMAR a RTX 3090 e a 6900 XT, mas por uma margem enorme.

O chip do M1, com 8 GPU cores pelos vistos até supera um pouco a GTX 1050 ti

Segundo o techpower up, a 3090 é quase 600% mais rápida. Mesmo que o escalamento seja de 50%, estamos a falar de então pelo menos 800% a mais de performance que o chip do M1, jasus.

EDIT:

The GFXBench 5.0 benchmarks revealed that the M1 often outperforms the Nvidia GeForce GTX 1050 Ti and AMD Radeon RX 560. According to Apple, the M1's 8-core GPU can juggle up to 25,000 threads, with the potential to deliver up to 2.6 TFLOPS of throughput.

Portanto, se manter os mesmos clocks, vem um monstro de 41,6 teraflops, compara com os 35.58 TFLOPS da 3090 (que sabemos que não é comparável com os TFlops da Ampere) ou os 20.74 TFLOPS da 6800XT.

Claro que pronto não será concorrente para Amperes e RDNA2 pelo facto de ser apple only stuff, mas tou a ver os iMacs a pulverizar as consolas e o Mac Pro a varrer o chão à gaming desktops.
 
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Portanto 8x a 16x mais GPU cores do que o M1.

Isso vai DIZIMAR a RTX 3090 e a 6900 XT, tá...

O chip do M1, com 8 GPU cores pelos vistos está ao nível de uma GTX 1050 ti.

Segundo o techpower up, a 3090 é quase 600% mais rápida. Mesmo que o escalamento seja de 50%, estamos a falar de então pelo menos 800% a mais de performance que o chip do M1.

Não duvides q esse é o intuito
 
O Semiaccurate tem um artigo fechado, mas a parte aberta tem alguma info interessante sobre o futuro M2 da Apple, nem que seja pelo que deixa no ar. Coloco a bold o que me parece mais interessante. Aqui fica:

Apple gets creative with their upcoming CPUs
It’s not just what you do but how you do it

We all know about the Apple M1 CPU, but what can we expect from next year’s M2 CPU? SemiAccurate has talked to a bunch of insiders and found out some interesting details about the next fruit-themed laptop part.

The current M1 is a slightly tarted up A14 or about what you would expect it to be. This isn’t to say it is a bad chip, far from it, it is a very good CPU but it doesn’t break any ground. The next Apple laptop CPU, likely called the M2, and it’s A15 ‘device’ counterpart are said to be the ‘real deal’. When questioned on that comment, SemiAccurate’s sources said that it would significantly outperform Intel’s current high end Skylake parts and do so at a small fraction of the power.

How this would be achieved is the interesting part, especially considering the disparate requirements of a phone and a full laptop. A15/M2 be more oriented toward the laptop side of the equation rather than just slightly tarting up the current phone chip for starters, but won’t deviate much from the current architectural paradigms. It will also be based on a TSMC 5nm variant, basically an updated PDK, and packaged using InFO.

All of this is pretty well known, some blindingly obvious, some only rumored, but all of it confirmed by our sources. Where things get interesting is how Apple is using these technologies to step out of the proverbial box and do something SemiAccurate didn’t expect to see for another few years.

https://semiaccurate.com/2020/12/07/apple-gets-creative-with-their-upcoming-cpus/
 
Hmmm, InFO

This new folded 3D die arrangement approach proposed by Apple for the development of its future "beyond M1" SoCs has the potential to finally bring 3D stacking designs to mobile SoCs.

My new article is ready and will be published soon.
Eo4Xm4eXYAE-qlf

https://twitter.com/Underfox3/status/1337034082321113088
 
Só pela piada da coisa

MyElectronics.nl Apple Mac Mini and Raspberry Pi Rack Review
The base rack is a 1U shelf that has a number of features custom-designed for the Apple Mac Mini. Below, you can see the basic unit with a small customization. On the right, we have the holes for the bottom of the Mac Mini. On the left one can see the holes for the Mac Mini but the faceplate has two spots sized for Raspberry Pi I/O.
MyElectronics.nl-Apple-Mac-Mini-and-Raspberry-Pi-Rack-Empty.jpg

All of the base units can take up to two Mac Mini’s. In this case, we have two of the Apple Mac Mini M1 units side-by-side, so this does not have the Raspberry Pi faceplate. The company says this rack also takes older Intel-based Mac Minis.
MyElectronics.nl-2x-Apple-Mac-Mini-M1-in-Rack.jpg

MyElectronics.nl-Apple-Mac-Mini-and-Raspberry-Pi-Rack-Empty-Top-2x-Mini-M1-Bottom.jpg

MyElectronics.nl-Apple-Mac-Mini-and-Raspberry-Pi-Rack-3.jpg

We are going to quickly note here that one can alternatively get either side blanked out, or with an I/O panel. In the video we show the 8x I/O panel option. MyElectronics.nl sells I/O options for USB, Network, HDMI, 1GbE/ 10GbE and others. I almost wish that the USB ports were USB and RJ45 ports. Having front networking would allow one to do cable management on the side of racks and skip needing a patch panel.
Final Words
At 175 Euros (excluding VAT) and up depending on options, these are not inexpensive and probably more in-line with Apple pricing than Raspberry Pi pricing. The RK8OD 8U rackmount kit is only $45 and the shelf we use is usually sold for around $20 both including 2-day shipping. On the other hand, with the shelves and using straps it feels much less robust than having a customized metal enclosure. The Mac Mini and Raspberry Pi rack kits are made of thicker metal as well so they feel sturdier. We also get features such as the USB 3.0 ports, modularity, and the power button system.
https://www.servethehome.com/myelectronics-nl-apple-mac-mini-and-raspberry-pi-rack-review/

Para quem se quiser entreter com o vídeo

 
Olha que está bem "sacado". Ainda há pouco tempo a AWS começou a vender instâncias com MacOS e há múltiplas empresas a fazer Colocation de máquinas Apple.
Adicionando a isso a possibilidade de misturar RPis, isto é um mimo para para muitos developers, para máquinas de dev e teste remotas. :)
 
A Apple não tem propriamente muito a aprender acerca de fazer dinheiro :D

Aliás não se faz dinheiro em PCs muito por culpa da Apple que já há bastante tempo fica com a maior fatia a partir de certo nível.
 
Não muito surpreendente, mas parece que a Apple tem instruções, não documentadas, em cima do ISA ARM, no M1. Neste caso, para uso em Matrix Operations.

# AMX: Apple Matrix coprocessor
#
# This is an undocumented arm64 ISA extension present on the Apple M1. These
# instructions have been reversed from Accelerate (vImage, libBLAS, libBNNS,
# libvDSP and libLAPACK all use them), and by experimenting with their
# behaviour on the M1. Some of this is probably wrong - I haven't reversed
# a ton.
#
# This may actually be very similar to Intel Advanced Matrix Extension (AMX),
# making the name collision even more confusing, but it's not a bad place to
# look for some idea of what's probably going on.

https://gist.github.com/dougallj/7a75a3be1ec69ca550e7c36dc75e0d6f

Não me surpreende, mas é interessante a Apple não documentar estas instruções.

EDIT: A possibilidade de serem semelhantes ao Intel AMX, que ainda nenhum processador no mercado os suporta, também é uma possibilidade interessante. :)
 
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64 vs 128 bits de interface de memória e tal...

Interessante algumas das caches são menores no M1, talvez para compensar o bus menor de memória.

E isso é apenas o começo :coolshad:
 
Apple Patents Multi-Level Hybrid Memory Subsystem
The so-called UMA (unified memory access) represents a bottleneck because both processors share the bandwidth and the total memory capacity, which would leave one processor starving in some scenarios.

Apple has patented a design that aims to solve this problem by combining high-bandwidth cache DRAM as well as high-capacity main DRAM. "With two types of DRAM forming the memory system, one of which may be optimized for bandwidth and the other of which may be optimized for capacity, the goals of bandwidth increase and capacity increase may both be realized, in some embodiments," says the patent, " to implement energy efficiency improvements, which may provide a highly energy-efficient memory solution that is also high performance and high bandwidth." The patent got filed way back in 2016 and it means that we could start seeing this technology in the future Apple Silicon designs, following the M1 chip.

o1SYFdzfv2u00zzk.jpg


F8ZPQMmxK4D2i01Q.jpg

https://www.techpowerup.com/277760/apple-patents-multi-level-hybrid-memory-subsystem

1563fdcdd1a1be8d806575f2b7950c11.gif
 
A nível "funcional", talvez o mais parecido seja o que existia nos últimos Xeon Phi. Uma pequena pool (16 GB, se não me falha a memória) de memória HMC, muito rápida e uma pool que poderia ser maior de DIMMs DDR4, mais lenta.
No caso do Xeon Phi, essa pool pequena e rápida e a pool grande e lenta, até podia ser configurada para funcionarem de formas diferentes. Podia ser cache, podia ser uma pool unificada, etc.

pLlmTwy.jpg



Não sei se tem relação, mas ao ver essa patente, lembrei-me desta noticia (paywalled) do Semiaccurate:
Apple gets creative with their upcoming CPUs
It’s not just what you do but how you do it

https://semiaccurate.com/2020/12/07/apple-gets-creative-with-their-upcoming-cpus/
 
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